Work-Principle of microbiology

Diversity of bacteria

[The other bacteria]

Bacterioides: Obligate anaerobic, numberically dominant bacterial genus in human instestinal tract. The genus was naemd so due to the rod-kike shape of cells. Synthesize sphingolipids, which are also found in mammalian tissues.

Cytophaga: Obligate aerobic, long, slender and rod shaped genus that move by gliding. The name refers to the ability to digest polysaccarides such as cellulose or chitin.

Cyto-: cell/ 

Flavobacterium Aerobic, rod shaped genus primarily inhabiting aquatic environments, and also common in soils. The name came form yellow colored colonies. One of Most abundant bacterial groups in freshwater.

Flexibacter: The genus usually require complex media for good growth and are unable to degrade cellulose. Species are common in soil and freshwaters where they degrade polysaccharides, and none have been idntified as pathogens.

* Flexibacter in sphingobacteriales(=containing sphingosine)

Chlamydia: Obligate parasitic genus with poor metabolic capacities. Possess one of the simplest biochemical capacities of all known bacteria with genome sizes around 1 Mb. The disease caused by this genus is currently one of the leading sexually transmitted diseases. The life (infection) cycle includes formation of elementary bodies and reticulate bodies.

*elelment body: small, dense cell resistant to drying and means of dispersal.

*reticulate body: vegetative form divides by binary fission.

Planktomyces: A gram negative genus producing stalks and primarily inhabiting aquatic environment. The name of the genus reflects the planktonic ( floating) nature of life.

Verruncomicrobium: A warty shaped genus due to the presence of prosthecae on cell surface. Aerobic to facultative aerobic, and inhabits freshwater and marine environments as well as forest and agricultural soils.

Thermotoga: Rod-shaped, hyperthermophilic genus producing cells encapsulated by outer membrane(toga). Anaerobic, fermentative, chemoorganotroph. About 20% of genes were likely originated from Archaea.

Aquifex: obligately chemolithotrophic and hyperthermophilic genus that is most thermophilic of all Bacteria which can grow at 95C. The name means 'water maker'.

*Chemolithotrophy: the nergy metabolism of bacteria that can use the oxidation of inorganic substances as a source of energy for cell biosynthesis and maintenenace in the absence of light.

Deinococcus: A genus with red or pink color because of carotenoids. Resist UV radiation, gamma radiation, and desiccation (polyextremophile), and resistant to most mutagenic agents. The name means dreadful sphere.

*Desiccation: the state of extreme dryness./ Dreadful: scary, shock, suffering.

Thermus: Thermophilic, aerobic and organotrophic genus, including the source of Taq DNA polymerase.

*Organotrophic: obtain metabolic energy from the oxidation of organic compounds.

Acidobacterium: A genus widespread in environment, sometimes dominant in soils. Difficult to cultivate, and thus only a few species are known. Phylogenetically and metabolically diverse. Firstly named so because early discovered species were acidophilic, but now includes many non-acidic members.

Nitrospira: a chemolithotrophic bacterial genus with nitrite oxidizing ability and spiral-shaped cells.

Deferribacter: An chemolithotrophic bacterial genus with nitrite oxidizing ability and spiral-shaped cells. The name of the genus measn ' nitrate sprial'.

*Nitrate(NO3-)

Synergistetes: The phylum are gram-negative nonsporulating rods found in assoication with animals and in anoxic environments in terrestrial and marine systems. Described species are typically obligte anaerobes that degrade proteins and are capable of fermenting amino acids. 

*Non-sporulating: There is no nearly dormant forms of bacterial. spores can preserve the genetic material of the bacteria.

Fusobacteria: The phylum are gram-negative nonsporulating rods found in sediments and the gastrointestinal systems and oral cvities of animals. Fusobacteria are obligate anaerobes taht ferment carbohydrates, peptides, and amino acids.

Fribrobacteres: The phylum are gram-negative nonsporulating rods unable to ferment proteins or amino acids, but speicalize instead in the fermentation of carbohydrates, including cellulose in the rume.